Vaccines
Vaccines for dogs include the legally required rabies vaccine and the optionally administered combination vaccines. Combination vaccines are divided into core vaccines, which are recommended for all animals due to their high infectivity and fatality rates, and non-core vaccines, which are recommended based on living environment and prevalent conditions.
When vaccinated, in addition to preventing the onset of diseases, it is expected that the severity of the disease will be reduced if it does occur, and the spread of infection to others will be prevented. However, complete prevention of onset is not guaranteed.
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Side Effects
Occasionally, side effects may be observed after vaccination. The main side effects include pain and inflammation at the injection site, joint or muscle pain, fatigue, malaise, chills, and fever. These symptoms usually subside within a few days. Rarely, severe side effects such as anaphylactic shock can occur.
If you notice the following symptoms, contact your veterinarian immediately.
1. Anaphylactic Shock
Occurs within 60 minutes, most often within 5 minutes, with an incidence rate of about 0.07%.
Symptoms include loss of consciousness, difficulty breathing, pale gums or tongue, staggering, vomiting, incontinence, drooling, fainting, and death.
2. Delayed Allergic Reactions
Occurs in about 83% of cases within 12 hours after vaccination and can still occur on the 3rd or 4th day.
Symptoms include facial swelling, rash, itching, and vomiting.
3. Long-term Effects (lasting several months to years)
Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, polyarthritis, and other immune diseases.
Injection site sarcoma (malignant tumor) in cats.
After vaccination, remain in the clinic for 15 minutes (or 30 minutes if there is a history of hypersensitivity or allergic reactions) to monitor your pet’s condition. Avoid leaving your pet alone for long periods for the next few days. Refrain from vigorous exercise and keep your pet calm. Regular activities like walks are fine. Monitor for side effects for about a week. Avoid rubbing or massaging the injection site.
Precautions
Before vaccinating, consult your veterinarian if your pet:
- Is feeling unwell (has had symptoms like fever, loss of appetite, cough, vomiting, or diarrhea recently)
- Is undergoing anticoagulant therapy, has thrombocytopenia, or coagulation disorders
- Has a history of immune diseases
- Is taking corticosteroids or immunosuppressants
- Has heart, kidney, liver, blood disorders, seizures, or other underlying conditions
- Has had hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to vaccines or medications
- Might be pregnant
Vaccine Antibody Titer Test
While annual rabies vaccination is mandatory, combination vaccines are not. According to the vaccination guidelines for dogs and cats (World Small Animal Veterinary Association, WSAVA), “the interval for re-vaccination of the primary three core vaccines should be more than three years.” It has been confirmed that the immunity provided by core vaccines lasts for several years in most adult dogs and cats, so extending the interval is recommended. However, the actual duration of immunity varies between individuals. Therefore, antibody titer tests can help prevent unnecessary vaccinations and determine the appropriate timing for vaccinations.
For non-core vaccines like leptospirosis, which have shorter immunity durations, annual vaccination is recommended only if the pet’s living environment poses a high infection risk.
Vaccination Schedule for Puppies and Kittens
Vaccinate puppies and kittens at 6-8 weeks of age, followed by vaccinations every 2-4 weeks until they are over 16 weeks old. A booster vaccination is recommended at 6 months or 1 year old. For pets older than 2 years, follow the aforementioned guidelines for adult dogs and cats.
Lastly
To protect the health of your beloved pets, it is crucial to prevent infectious diseases. Vaccination is especially important for older pets with weakened immunity, as it can extend their lifespan. Vaccination records may also be required when evacuating to facilities during disasters. For a long, healthy life together, ensure regular vaccinations. If you have any concerns about vaccinations, feel free to consult your veterinarian.
